Pinus nigra is a tree of the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome. mauretanica (Atlas Mountains black pine): Morocco, Algeria. maritima) (Corsican pine): Corsica, Sicily, Southern Italy. salzmannii (Pyrenean pine): Pyrenees, Southern France, Northern Spain. Needles slender, more flexible, 0.8–1.5 mm diameter, with 1–2 layers of thin-walled hypodermal cells. salzmannii in the west of the range, from southern Italy to southern France, Spain and North Africa. pallasiana) (Crimean pine): Crimea, Cyprus. italica (Italian black pine): central Italy (Villetta Barrea, in Abruzzo National Park) caramanica (Turkish black pine): Turkey, Cyprus, southern Greece. dalmatica) (Austrian pine): Austria, Balkans (except southern Greece). Needles stout, rigid, 1.5–2 mm diameter, with 3–6 layers of thick-walled hypodermal cells. nigra in the east of the range, from Austria, northeast and central Italy, east to the Crimea and Turkey. Flora Europaea) treat several of the varieties at subspecific rank, but this reflects tradition rather than sound taxonomy, as the distinctions between the taxa are small. The species is divided into two subspecies, each further subdivided into three varieties. The tree can be long-lived, with some trees over 500 years old. It usually has a rounded conic form, that becomes irregular with age. Pinus nigra is moderately fast growing, at about 30–70 cm (12–28 in) per year. maturity is reached at 15–40 years large seed crops are produced at 2–5 year intervals. ![]() ![]() The seeds are dark gray, 6–8 millimetres ( 1⁄ 4– 5⁄ 16 in) long, with a yellow-buff wing 20–25 mm ( 3⁄ 4–1 in) long they are wind-dispersed when the cones open from December to April. The mature seed cones are 5–10 centimetres (2–4 inches) (rarely to 11 cm) long, with rounded scales they ripen from green to pale gray-buff or yellow-buff in September to November, about 18 months after pollination. The ovulate and pollen cones appear from May to June. The leaves ('needles') are thinner and more flexible in western populations. The bark is gray to yellow-brown, and is widely split by flaking fissures into scaly plates, becoming increasingly fissured with age. Pinus nigra is a large coniferous evergreen tree, growing to 20–55 metres (66–180 feet) high at maturity and spreading to 6 to 12 m (20 to 39 ft) wide. 5.2 Ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal use.
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